Факторы формирующие практику зеленой экономики предприятий в Кыргызстане и Грузии

Камалбек Карымшаков*, Дастан Асеинов

Кыргызско-Турецкий университет «Манас», проспект Чингиза Айтматова, 56, Бишкек, 720020, Кыргызская Республика

Email: kamalbek.karymshakov@manas.edu.kg

https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJSCR/2024-R1.v3-2/89-113.eng

Тематический кластер: Климат, Окружающая среда, Устойчивое развитие

Тип статьи: Научная статья

29 декабря, 2024

Аннотация

Экологические меры предприятий важны для перехода к зеленой экономике. Однако эмпирическая литература о практике зеленой экономики в регионе Центральной Азии ограничена. Целью данного исследования является изучение факторов, влияющих на меры зеленой экономики, предпринятые предприятиями в Грузии и Кыргызстане, с использованием данных обследования предприятий. Практика зеленой экономики измеряется мониторингом CO2 и мерами по управлению энергопотреблением. Данное исследование вносит вклад в обсуждение движущих факторов зеленой экономики с точки зрения предприятий в регионе. Эмпирические результаты данного исследования показывают, что наряду с общими характеристиками фирм доступ к финансированию и стоимость энергии важны для практики зеленой экономики фирм. Интересно, что использование иностранных технологий и международной сертификации оказывает положительное влияние только в выборке Грузии, тогда как в случае Кыргызстана эти показатели не демонстрируют статистически значимых эффектов. Эти результаты свидетельствуют о том, что государственная политика должна быть скорректирована с учетом конкретных условий страны. Более того, только крупные фирмы демонстрируют положительные тенденции в принятии мер мониторинга CO2 и управления энергопотреблением.

---

Скачать статью

Доступно на английском

Для цитирования: Karymshakov K., Aseinov D. (2024). Factors shaping corporate green economy practices in Kyrgyzstan and Georgia. Central Asian Journal of Sustainability and Climate Research, 3(2), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJSCR/2024-R1.v3-2/89-113.eng

Список литературы

24.kg. (2024, October 7). National Bank approves roadmap for implementation of ESG principles. https://24.kg/english/316015_national_bank_approves_roadmap_for_implementation_of_esg_ principles/

Ali, J., & Singh, S. (2024). Does the size of the firm matter in determining the adoption of green economy practices in India? International Journal of Social Economics, 52(4), 561-577. https:// doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2023-0918

Alraja, M. N., Imran, R., Khashab, B. M., & Shah, M. (2022). Technological Innovation, Sustainable Green Practices and SMEs Sustainable Performance in Times of Crisis (COVID-19 pandemic). Information Systems Frontiers, 24(4), 1081–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10250-z

Arocena, P., Orcos,R., & Zouaghi, F. (2021). The impact of ISO14001 on firm environmental and economic performance: The moderating role of size and environmental awareness. Business strategy and the environment, 30(2), 955-967, https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2663

Benincasa, R., Betz, F., & Gattini, L. (2024). How do firms cope with losses from extreme weather events? Journal of corporate finance, 84, 102508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102508

Bodjongo, M. J. M., Fofana, M., & Epse Essomme, F. K. O. (2023). Firm size and pro-environmental behavior in Cameroon. Environmental Economics, 14(1), 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ ee.14(1).2023.05

Bouchmel, I., Ftiti, Z., Louhich, W., & Omri, A. (2024). Financing sources, green investment, and environmental performance: Cross-country evidence. Journal of environmental management, 353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120230

Brollo, N. G., Teodoru, I. R., Karapetyan, N., Ustyugova, Y., van Houtte, J., Jonas, J., Shi, W., Arzoumanian, S., Tintchev, K. I., Tuuli, M., Saliba, F., Talishli, F., El-Said, M., & Fernanda. (2023, june 8). Paving the way to more resilient, inclusive, and greener economies in the Caucasus and Central Asia. https://www.imf.org/en/publications/departmental-papers-policy-papers/ issues/2023/05/26/paving-the-way-to-more-resilient-inclusive-and-greener-economies-in-the-caucasus-and-532116

Brucal, A., & Dechezleprêtre, A. 2021). Assessing the impact of energy prices on plantlevel environmental and economic performance: Evidence from Indonesian manufacturers. OECD environment working papers, (170), 0_1-47, https://doi.org/10.1787/9ec54222-en

Brunelli, S., Murzakhmetova, A., & Falivena, C. (2022). Environmental auditing in rural areas: Current patterns and future challenges in Central Asia. Sustainability, 14(22), Article 22. https://doi. org/10.3390/su142215163

Ergasheva, S. T., Zinovyeva, I. S., Abdurashitov, A. A., Kopytina, Y. A., & Makarova, T. V. (2023). ESG investments in support of the development of the green economy in Russia and Central Asia. In E. G. Popkova & B. S. Sergi (Eds.), ESG management of the development of the green economy in Central Asia (pp. 419–428). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 031-46525-3_44

Frondel, M., Krätschell, K., & Zwick, L. ( (2018). Environmental management systems: Does certification pay? Economic analysis and policy, 59, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.02.006

Government of Georgia. (2021). Georgia’s 2030 Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/geo209870.pdf

Guo, R., Lv, S., Liao, T., Xi, F., Zhang, J., Zuo, X., Cao, X., Feng, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Classifying green technologies for sustainable innovation and investment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 153, 104580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104580

Harakati, R., Ghazouani, I., & Hlioui, Z. (2024). CEO gender and climate change commitment: The mediating effect of environmental regulation perception. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(5), 4630–4650. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2809

Hu, Y., Tu, T., & Lei, Z. (2024). Impact of corporate environmental goals on compliance behaviors in European Union food industry: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 444, 141212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141212

International Monetary Fund. (2022, September 23). Poor and vulnerable countries need support to adapt to climate change. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/03/23/ blog032322-poor-and-vulnerable-countris-need-support-to-adapt-to-climate-change

Iram, R., & Zhang, J. (2022). Assessing the role of financial inclusion and financial development to improve energy and environmental efficiency. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33), 49948–49965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18942-4

Isiksal, A. Z., Assi, A. F., Zhakanov, A., Rakhmetullina, S. Z., & Joof, F. (2022). Natural resources, human capital, and CO2 emissions: Missing evidence from the Central Asian states. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(51), 77333–77343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022- 21227-5

Jun, W., Ali, W., Bhutto, M. Y., Hussain, H., & Khan, N. A. (2019). Examining the determinants of green innovation adoption in SMEs: A PLS-SEM approach. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(1), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-05-2019-0113

Karymshakov, K., Sulaimanova, B., & Aseinov, D. (2019). Determinants of innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises in small Post-Soviet countries. Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(1), 1–12.

Kök, A. G., Shang, K., & Yücel, Ş. (2016). Impact of electricity pricing policies on renewable energy investments and carbon emissions. Management Science, 64(1), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1287/ mnsc.2016.2576

Laskurain, I., Ibarloza, A., Larrea, A., & Allur, E. (2017). Contribution to energy management of the main standards for environmental management systems: The case of ISO 14001 and EMAS. Energies, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111758

Li, W., Chen, X., Huang, J., Gong, X., & Wu, W. (2022). Do environmental regulations affect firm’s cash holdings? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Energy Economics, 112, 106151. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106151

Lin, C.-Y., & Ho, Y.-H. (2011). Determinants of green practice adoption for logistics companies in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0535-9

Naimoglu, M. (2023). The effect of energy prices, energy losses, and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions in energy-importing developing economies in the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(20), 58755–58772. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-023-26656-4

National Bank of Georgia. (2024, October 12). Sustainable finance. https://nbg.gov.ge/en/page/ sustainable-finance

OECD. (2022, october 3). Green Economy Transition in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. OECD Green Growth Studies. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c410b82a-en

Otrachshenko, V., Hartwell, C. A., & Popova, O. (2023). Energy efficiency, market competition, and quality certification: Lessons from Central Asia. Energy Policy, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enpol.2023.113539

Pampel, F. C. (2020). Logistic regression: a primer (2nd ed.). SAGE publications

Perdichizzi, S., Buchetti, B., Cicchiello, A. F., & Dal Maso, L. (2024). Carbon emission and firms’ value: Evidence from Europe. Energy Economics, 131, 107324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eneco.2024.107324

Petreski, M., Tanevski, S., & Stojmenovska, I. (2024). Employment, labor productivity and environmental sustainability: Firm-level evidence from transition economies. Business Strategy & Development, 7(1), e347. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.347

Reis, C., Benvenutti, L., Campos, L., & Uriona, M. (2020). The influence of company size on energy management systems adoption: A system dynamics model. Brazilian Business Review, 17(5), 579– 600. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2020.17.5.6

Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2023). Green innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): A qualitative approach. Sustainability, 15(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054510

Sam, A. G., & Song, D. (2022). ISO 14001 certification and industrial decarbonization: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Management, 323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116169

Siewers, S., Martínez-Zarzoso, I., & Baghdadi, L. (2024). Global value chains and firms’ environmental performance. World Development, 173, 106395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106395

Stockholm Environment Institute. (2024, september 27). Green goals and economic gains: shedding light on Georgia’s energy and climate strategy. https://www.sei.org/features/green-goals-Georgia-climate/#:~:text=the%20primary%20objective%20of%20formulating,green%20development%2c%20 and%20innovative%20technologies

The Ministry of Economy and Commerce of the Kyrgyz Republic. (n.d.). Draft program for the development of a green economy in the Kyrgyz Republic until 2028. https://mineconom.gov.kg/ ru/direct/302/335

The Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia. (2022). SME development strategy of Georgia 2021–2025. https://www.economy.ge/uploads/files/2017/ek__politika/sme_ strategy/2022/sme_strategy_2021_2025_eng.pdf

Thøgersen, J. (2021). Consumer behavior and climate change: Consumers need considerable assistance. Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 42, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.008

Tingey-Holyoak, J., Cooper, B., Crase, L., & Pisaniello, J. (2024). Business strategies to counter climate change risks to long lived production assets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 459, 142553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142553

Ullah, F., Jiang, P., Ntim, C. G., Shahab, Y., & Jiang, X. (2022). Female directors’ foreign experience and environmental and sustainable performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 51(2), 169–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12369

UNEP FI. (2023, April). Climate risks in the Industrials Sector. https://www.unepfi.org/themes/ climate-change/climate-risks-in-the-industrials-sector/

Vakulchuk, R., Daloz, A. S., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H. F., & Standal, K. (2023). A void in Central Asia research: Climate change. Central Asian Survey, 42(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937 .2022.2059447

Weick, V. (2016). Green economy and sustainable development. In Waste Management and the Green Economy (pp. 121–150). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783473816.00016

World Bank. (2024). Enterprise Surveys. Retrieved from https://www.enterprisesurveys.org

Zhou, J., Yin, Z., & Yue, P. (2023). The impact of access to credit on energy efficiency. Finance Research Letters, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103472